5 Retirement Account Mistakes to Avoid (and How to Choose Right)

Choosing the right retirement account should feel empowering—not confusing. Yet with similar-sounding acronyms, shifting annual limits, and important tax trade-offs, it’s easy to make avoidable errors that cost you money. In this guide, you’ll learn the 5 key mistakes to avoid when choosing a retirement account, along with step-by-step playbooks, beginner options and progressions, simple metrics to track, and a four-week starter plan you can follow right away. Whether you’re deciding between a Roth or traditional option, picking an account for self-employment income, or maximizing a plan at work, this is your go-to roadmap.

Disclaimer: This article is educational and general in nature. It is not tax, legal, or investment advice. For personalized guidance, consult a qualified tax professional or fiduciary financial planner.

Key takeaways

• Start with taxes, but don’t stop there. Model your likely tax bracket now vs. in retirement rather than defaulting to a Roth or traditional account.
• Always capture employer dollars first. Passing on a match or misunderstanding vesting rules is leaving pay on the table.
• Fees compound like friction. Even small expense ratios and plan fees can erode outcomes over decades.
• Know the limits and eligibility. Annual caps, catch-ups, and income phase-outs change; keep your contributions compliant across all plans.
• Match the account to your income source. Side-hustlers and small business owners should choose between SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, and Solo 401(k) based on earnings, headcount, deadlines, and flexibility.

Mistake #1: Picking Roth vs. Traditional Without Running the Numbers

What it is and why it matters

A common shortcut is to pick Roth (“tax-free later”) or traditional (“tax-deferred now”) based on rules of thumb—e.g., “Roth if you’re young.” That can backfire. The better approach is to estimate your effective tax rate today vs. the rate you expect when withdrawing in retirement. If your tax rate will likely be higher later, Roth is attractive; if it will likely be lower later, traditional contributions may win.

Core benefits/purpose

• Traditional (pre-tax): Lowers taxable income now; investments grow tax-deferred; withdrawals taxed as ordinary income in retirement.
• Roth (after-tax): No upfront deduction, but qualified withdrawals are tax-free later.
• Tax diversification: Having both types creates flexibility to manage retirement-year taxes.

Requirements/prerequisites and low-cost alternatives

• You need earned income to contribute to IRAs and workplace plans.
• Roth IRA contributions phase out at higher incomes; Roth 401(k) contributions have no income cap.
• If you earn too much for a direct Roth IRA, the “backdoor” Roth (nondeductible traditional IRA contribution followed by conversion) is an option; however, the pro-rata rule can make that taxable if you have other pre-tax IRA money.
• Low-cost alternative: If your workplace plan has poor investment options, you might contribute only to capture the match and send additional savings to an IRA with lower-fee choices.

Step-by-step: A simple decision model

1. Estimate your effective tax rate now. Use last year’s tax return as a baseline, then adjust for income changes.
2. Estimate your retirement tax rate. Consider planned withdrawals, Social Security, pensions, and taxable brokerage income. Aim for a conservative range, not a single number.
3. Run the Roth vs. traditional experiment. For the same after-tax paycheck impact, compare projected balances and after-tax withdrawals under both paths.
4. Layer in plan rules. If you have Roth 401(k) access, no income caps apply there. If you’re over 50, include catch-up opportunities.
5. Choose a primary lane, keep optionality. Default to the lane that fits the most likely tax path, but consider splitting contributions (e.g., 70/30) for tax diversification.

Beginner modifications and progressions

• Beginner: If modeling is overwhelming, start with 50/50 contributions between Roth and traditional in your 401(k) for six months while you gather data.
• Intermediate: Shift the split quarterly based on updated estimates of your tax bracket or big expected deductions.
• Advanced: Use withdrawal “tax-bracket management” in retirement—year-by-year blending of Roth and pre-tax withdrawals to stay in favorable brackets.

Recommended frequency/metrics

• Frequency: Revisit your Roth/traditional mix annually and after major life changes.
• Metrics: Effective tax rate this year vs. projected in retirement; after-tax savings rate (contributions + match); ratio of Roth to pre-tax balances.

Safety, caveats, and common mistakes to avoid

• Don’t assume future tax rates will mirror today’s. Build a comfort range.
• Understand phase-outs (Roth IRA) and deductibility limits (traditional IRA if you or a spouse is covered at work).
• Time horizon matters: the longer the runway, the more attractive Roth can be if rates are similar.

Mini-plan (2–3 steps)

1. Contribute enough to capture any full employer match; set contributions to “split” Roth/traditional while you estimate brackets.
2. In 60 days, update your estimate and rebalance your mix for the rest of the year.

Mistake #2: Ignoring Employer Match, Vesting, and Plan Features

What it is and why it matters

Many savers don’t capture all available employer dollars because they miss the match formula, misunderstand vesting, or keep contributions at the default rate. Others overlook built-in tools like auto-escalation or target-date funds designed to simplify investing.

Core benefits/purpose

• Employer matching contributions are, effectively, guaranteed return contingent on you contributing.
• Knowing the vesting schedule helps you evaluate job offers and timing.
• Default features (auto-enrollment, target-date funds) can help you save and stay diversified without constant maintenance.

Requirements/prerequisites and low-cost alternatives

• You must be eligible under your plan’s rules (tenure, hours, etc.).
• Vesting may be immediate or graded over time.
• If you don’t have a match, prioritize low fee investments and consider an IRA to broaden your menu.

Step-by-step: Capture every available dollar

1. Find the match formula in your benefits portal (e.g., “100% on the first 3% + 50% on the next 2%”).
2. Set your contribution to at least the level needed to maximize the match—then set auto-escalation (e.g., +1% each year) up to your target savings rate.
3. Review vesting. If you’re close to a vesting cliff, consider timing job changes to avoid forfeiting employer dollars.
4. Choose a default investment if you’re unsure—target-date funds are designed to adjust risk over time.

Beginner modifications and progressions

• Beginner: If overwhelmed, pick the target-date fund that matches your expected retirement year and set contributions to at least the match threshold.
• Intermediate: Increase contributions by 1% each quarter until you reach your goal savings rate (e.g., 15%–20% of gross pay including match).
• Advanced: If the plan menu is weak, capture the match, then route surplus to an IRA with broader, lower-fee choices.

Recommended frequency/metrics

• Frequency: Recheck after raises and each open enrollment.
• Metrics: Match capture rate (employer match received ÷ maximum possible), all-in savings rate (yours + employer), vesting progress.

Safety, caveats, and common mistakes to avoid

• Don’t stop at the match if your long-term plan requires more.
• Watch for managed-account add-on fees or stable value fund restrictions.

Mini-plan (2–3 steps)

1. Adjust your contribution today to at least the match threshold.
2. Toggle auto-escalation to reach your target savings rate over the next 12–18 months.

Mistake #3: Overlooking Fees and Plan Quality

What it is and why it matters

Fees are the silent killer of long-term returns. Even a few tenths of a percent can compound into a meaningful shortfall over decades. Retirement plans layer costs: fund expense ratios, recordkeeping/administrative fees, and optional services like managed accounts.

Core benefits/purpose

• Lower fees mean more of your return stays invested.
• Transparent fee disclosure helps you make apples-to-apples choices across funds and accounts.

Requirements/prerequisites and low-cost alternatives

• Your plan must provide fee disclosures and each fund’s prospectus fee table.
• Low-cost alternatives include index mutual funds/ETFs and target-date index funds.
• If your workplace menu is pricey, contribute for the match and direct additional savings to an IRA with lower-fee options.

Step-by-step: Cut portfolio drag

1. Locate the fee notice in your plan documents and the expense ratios for each fund you own.
2. Calculate your all-in cost: (weighted average fund fees) + (any per-account plan fees).
3. Replace higher-cost funds with comparable lower-cost index alternatives in similar asset classes.
4. If plan-level fees are high, right-size your balance by contributing beyond the match to an IRA instead (keeping annual limits in mind).

Beginner modifications and progressions

• Beginner: If you’re invested in many funds, simplify to a single target-date index fund to keep fees predictable.
• Intermediate: Build a 3-fund portfolio (total US stock, total international, total bond) using the lowest-cost options.
• Advanced: Add small-tilts (e.g., small-cap value) only if you can access them cheaply and you’ll stick to them.

Recommended frequency/metrics

• Frequency: Review annually and when your plan changes providers.
• Metrics: Weighted expense ratio, any plan admin fee in dollars, and portfolio turnover.

Safety, caveats, and common mistakes to avoid

• Avoid chasing last year’s top-performing fund; focus on process and cost.
• Watch for duplicate exposures that raise fees without improving diversification.

Mini-plan (2–3 steps)

1. List each fund you own with its expense ratio and percentage weight; compute a weighted average.
2. Swap any fund with a materially higher fee for the cheapest adequate alternative in its asset class.

Mistake #4: Misunderstanding Limits, Catch-Ups, and Eligibility Rules

What it is and why it matters

Annual contribution caps, catch-up rules, and income phase-outs change periodically. Exceeding a limit can trigger corrective paperwork and potential taxes; under-contributing leaves tax advantages unused. When you participate in more than one plan across employers, you must coordinate limits correctly.

Core benefits/purpose

• Maximize tax-preferred space each year without costly corrections.
• Understand when you’re eligible for Roth IRA contributions or IRA deductions.

Requirements/prerequisites and low-cost alternatives

• Know the current-year workplace plan and IRA limits, catch-up allowances if you’re 50+, and any special catch-ups.
• Be aware of Roth IRA income phase-outs and the lack of income limits for Roth 401(k) contributions.

Step-by-step: Keep your contributions compliant

1. Confirm annual caps. For 2025, common caps include:
   • Workplace plans (401(k), 403(b), most 457(b)): employee elective deferrals up to $23,500; standard catch-up for age 50+ up to $7,500; an additional special catch-up for ages 60–63 in certain plans (higher than the standard catch-up).
   • IRAs (traditional + Roth combined): up to $7,000; catch-up $1,000 at age 50+.
   • Overall additions to a defined contribution plan (employee + employer, excluding catch-ups): up to $70,000 in 2025.
2. Coordinate multiple plans. The employee elective-deferral limit is shared across employers. If you change jobs mid-year, your combined deferrals can’t exceed the annual cap.
3. Check Roth IRA eligibility. Direct Roth IRA contributions phase out at higher incomes; within the phase-out range you may contribute a reduced amount.
4. Understand RMD timing (traditional accounts). Required minimum distributions start at age 73 under current law, with specific timing rules for the first year.

Beginner modifications and progressions

• Beginner: Use your provider’s auto-stop or alert feature so you don’t exceed caps.
• Intermediate: Schedule quarterly check-ins to re-project your total deferrals across employers.
• Advanced: If you’re in the Roth IRA phase-out, consider backdoor Roth (if appropriate) and track pro-rata exposure from any pre-tax IRA balances.

Recommended frequency/metrics

• Frequency: Review limits every January and after raises or job changes.
• Metrics: Year-to-date employee deferrals; total employer contributions; IRA year-to-date; eligibility status for Roth IRA (based on MAGI).

Safety, caveats, and common mistakes to avoid

• Don’t assume your new employer knows how much you already contributed elsewhere—you must coordinate.
• For high earners, note that a rule requiring certain catch-ups to be Roth has an implementation timeline; check the current effective date before you contribute.
• If you overcontribute, correct promptly to minimize taxes.

Mini-plan (2–3 steps)

1. Export your year-to-date contributions from each plan and sum them.
2. Adjust payroll deferrals so your December paycheck doesn’t push you over the limit.

Mistake #5: Using the Wrong Account for Self-Employment or Side-Hustle Income

What it is and why it matters

If you earn income outside a W-2 job, you have a powerful choice set—SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, or Solo 401(k). The “best” option depends on how much you want to save, whether you have employees, and your filing deadlines. Picking the wrong account can cap your savings unnecessarily or add complexity you don’t need.

Core benefits/purpose

• SEP-IRA: Simple to establish and fund; high employer-side contribution potential.
• SIMPLE IRA: Easy for small employers; requires employer contributions but has lower elective deferral limits than a 401(k).
• Solo 401(k): For owner-only businesses (and spouses); allows employee deferrals + employer profit sharing, often enabling higher total contributions at modest income levels.

Requirements/prerequisites and low-cost alternatives

• SEP-IRA: Employer-only contributions; must contribute the same percentage for eligible employees as for yourself; can set up and fund by your tax filing deadline, including extensions.
• SIMPLE IRA: For small employers; must generally establish by October 1 of the year; requires employer contributions under the plan’s formula.
• Solo 401(k): For businesses with no common-law employees (other than a spouse); combines employee deferrals (shared with any W-2 plan limits) with employer contributions up to the overall cap.

Step-by-step: Match the account to your situation

1. Forecast your net earnings from self-employment and whether you’ll have employees.
2. Pick a structure:
   • Solo 401(k) if you’re owner-only and want to maximize savings at relatively lower profits (thanks to employee deferrals).
   • SEP-IRA if you want simplicity and may contribute a flexible percentage each year (but remember the equal-percentage rule for employees).
   • SIMPLE IRA if you have a few employees and want easier administration than a full 401(k), accepting lower elective deferral limits.
3. Check deadlines. SEPs can be established and funded by your tax filing deadline (including extensions). SIMPLE IRAs are typically set up by October 1 for the current year. Solo 401(k) adoption and deferral elections are more time-sensitive; ensure the plan is in place to permit employee deferrals for the year you want to defer compensation.
4. Coordinate with any W-2 plan. Your employee deferral limit is shared across all employers; avoid double-counting. Employer contributions are subject to separate rules and the overall additions cap.

Beginner modifications and progressions

• Beginner: If you have side income and no employees, start with a Solo 401(k) at a mainstream custodian; use a target-date index fund.
• Intermediate: If you add staff, consider a SIMPLE IRA for ease, then graduate to a full 401(k) when payroll and participation grow.
• Advanced: If you need to make late-year contributions for the prior tax year and missed other setup deadlines, a SEP-IRA can be a useful backstop.

Recommended frequency/metrics

• Frequency: Reassess after major income swings or hiring.
• Metrics: Total allowable contribution vs. actual; plan simplicity (hours you spend on admin); per-employee cost if you have staff.

Safety, caveats, and common mistakes to avoid

• Don’t forget the Solo 401(k) employee deferral is shared with any other job’s 401(k).
• With a SEP-IRA, be prepared to contribute equally (as a percentage) for eligible employees.
• Keep an eye on plan establishment deadlines—they’re not all the same.

Mini-plan (2–3 steps)

1. Estimate your net self-employment income and pick the account that lets you hit your desired savings target.
2. Mark your setup and funding deadlines on a calendar so you don’t miss the current-year window.

Quick-Start Checklist

• Identify your primary income source (W-2, self-employment, or both).
• Verify current-year limits for your plans and IRAs; note catch-up eligibility.
• Set contributions to capture the full employer match (if any) immediately.
• Choose Roth vs. traditional (or a mix) based on an estimate of your tax rate now vs. later.
• Audit fees (fund expense ratios + plan admin). Swap into lower-cost equivalents.
• If self-employed, select SEP, SIMPLE, or Solo 401(k) and record setup/funding deadlines.
• Turn on auto-escalation to reach your target savings rate.

Troubleshooting & Common Pitfalls

• “I contributed to two 401(k)s this year without realizing the limit is shared.” Pause current deferrals, calculate the overage, and work with your plan to correct the excess as soon as possible.
• “My income rose into the Roth IRA phase-out.” Consider a partial contribution within the allowed range or evaluate a backdoor Roth (mind the pro-rata rule).
• “Fees seem high in my employer plan.” Capture the match, then prioritize additional savings in a low-fee IRA.
• “I changed jobs mid-year.” Re-add your year-to-date deferrals from the former plan to avoid exceeding the annual employee limit.
• “I’m over 50—how do catch-ups work?” Verify your plan supports catch-ups and whether any Roth designation requirement applies this year based on current rules.
• “I missed a setup deadline as a business owner.” A SEP-IRA can often be established and funded by your tax filing deadline, including extensions, for the prior tax year.

How to Measure Progress

• Match capture rate: Employer match received ÷ maximum match offered (target: 100%).
• All-in savings rate: (Your contributions + employer contributions) ÷ gross income (common targets: 15%–20% over a career; adjust for your situation).
• Weighted expense ratio: Lower is better; compare year-over-year.
• Compliance dashboard: Track YTD deferrals, IRA contributions, and eligibility status (e.g., Roth IRA phase-out, catch-ups).
• Tax diversification mix: Percentage of Roth vs. pre-tax balances.

A Simple 4-Week Starter Plan

Week 1: Map and match

• Gather plan documents and fee disclosures.
• Set your payroll contribution to capture the full match.
• Choose a default investment—target-date index fund is fine if you’re unsure.

Week 2: Tax lane and limits

• Estimate your effective tax rate this year and a plausible retirement range.
• Set a Roth/traditional split aligned with your best estimate.
• Confirm annual caps and turn on contribution alerts.

Week 3: Fee fix and fund cleanup

• List each holding and its expense ratio.
• Replace costly funds with lower-cost equivalents in the same asset class.
• If plan fees are high, route extra savings to an IRA (mind the annual limits).

Week 4: Self-employment sweep (if applicable)

• Decide between SEP, SIMPLE, or Solo 401(k) based on income and headcount.
• Calendar the setup/funding deadlines.
• Document your coordination plan if you’re contributing at both a W-2 job and to a Solo 401(k).

FAQs

1) Should I always choose Roth when I’m young?
Not always. If you expect to be in a much lower tax bracket in retirement or have large deductions now, traditional contributions could be more efficient. Many savers split contributions between Roth and traditional to hedge.

2) Is a Roth 401(k) subject to income limits like a Roth IRA?
No. Roth 401(k) contributions have no income limit. Roth IRA contributions phase out at higher incomes.

3) I’m over 50. How do catch-up contributions work?
Most workplace plans allow an extra catch-up contribution on top of the regular limit. There may also be a special higher catch-up for certain ages in some plans. Check current-year amounts and your plan’s rules.

4) What if I contribute to two 401(k)s in the same year?
Your employee elective-deferral limit is shared across employers. If you exceed it, contact the plan(s) to correct the excess as soon as possible.

5) I earn too much for a Roth IRA. What are my options?
Consider a backdoor Roth (nondeductible traditional IRA contribution followed by conversion), keeping in mind the pro-rata rule. Or direct more savings to a Roth 401(k) if your plan offers it.

6) Are target-date funds good enough?
Often, yes—especially in tax-advantaged accounts. They provide a diversified, age-appropriate mix and are easy to maintain. Compare fees and choose a low-cost version.

7) Which account should I pick for side-hustle income?
If you have no employees and want to maximize savings, a Solo 401(k) is often the most flexible. For simplicity—especially if deadlines were missed—a SEP-IRA can work. For small teams, a SIMPLE IRA trades lower limits for ease.

8) What happens if I exceed an IRA or 401(k) limit?
Act quickly. Plans and custodians have processes to return excess contributions. The sooner you correct, the simpler the tax reporting.

9) How do required minimum distributions (RMDs) affect my choice?
Traditional accounts are subject to RMDs starting at a specific age. Roth IRAs are not subject to RMDs for the original owner, while Roth 401(k)s may have different plan rules (rollovers to a Roth IRA can help). Factor this into your long-term plan.

10) My plan offers a managed-account service—should I use it?
Only if the value outweighs the fee. Many savers can achieve comparable results with low-cost index funds or a target-date fund.

11) Are workplace plan catch-ups becoming Roth-only for high earners?
A rule requiring some catch-ups to be designated Roth exists, but check the current effective date and any administrative transition periods before contributing.

12) How do I prioritize if I can’t max everything?
A common order: (1) Capture the full employer match, (2) contribute to a low-fee IRA (Roth or traditional), (3) return to the workplace plan up to your target savings rate, (4) taxable brokerage for additional goals.

Conclusion

You don’t need to be a tax expert to choose the right retirement account. You just need a repeatable process: run the tax math (without obsessing), always capture employer dollars, keep fees low, stay within the limits, and match the account to your income source. Avoiding the five mistakes above will put you miles ahead—and your future self will thank you.

CTA: Start today: raise your contribution to capture every matching dollar, pick your Roth/traditional split, and set a 15-minute calendar check to review fees and limits this week.

References

• 401(k) limit increases to $23,500 for 2025; IRA limit remains $7,000 — Internal Revenue Service; Nov. 1, 2024. https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/401k-limit-increases-to-23500-for-2025-ira-limit-remains-7000
• COLA increases for dollar limitations on benefits and contributions — Internal Revenue Service; May 27, 2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/cola-increases-for-dollar-limitations-on-benefits-and-contributions
• Notice 2024-80: 2025 Amounts Relating to Retirement Plans (Section 415 limits) — Internal Revenue Service; Nov. 2024. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-24-80.pdf
• Retirement topics: IRA contribution limits — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/plan-participant-employee/retirement-topics-ira-contribution-limits
• Publication 590-A, Contributions to Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs) (includes “What’s New for 2025”) — Internal Revenue Service; 2024. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p590a.pdf
• Roth comparison chart (Roth 401(k) vs. Roth IRA vs. pre-tax 401(k)) — Internal Revenue Service; May 27, 2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/roth-comparison-chart
• Retirement topics: Designated Roth account — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/plan-participant-employee/retirement-topics-designated-roth-account
• Retirement plans FAQs on designated Roth accounts (income limits for Roth 401(k)) — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-on-designated-roth-accounts
• Retirement plan and IRA required minimum distributions FAQs — Internal Revenue Service; Dec. 10, 2024. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plan-and-ira-required-minimum-distributions-faqs
• How much salary can you defer if you’re eligible for more than one retirement plan? — Internal Revenue Service; May 27, 2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/how-much-salary-can-you-defer-if-youre-eligible-for-more-than-one-retirement-plan
• One-participant (Solo) 401(k) plans — Internal Revenue Service; May 27, 2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/one-participant-401k-plans
• Retirement plans: FAQs regarding SEPs — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-seps
• Simplified Employee Pension plan (SEP) — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/plan-sponsor/simplified-employee-pension-plan-sep
• SIMPLE IRA plan (plan sponsor overview) — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/plan-sponsor/simple-ira-plan
• Retirement Plans FAQs regarding SIMPLE IRA Plans — Internal Revenue Service; updated 2024–2025. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-simple-ira-plans
• IRS announces administrative transition period for new Roth catch-up requirement (catch-ups permitted; effective date extended) — Internal Revenue Service; July 3, 2025. https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-announces-administrative-transition-period-for-new-roth-catch-up-requirement-catch-up-contributions-still-permitted-after-2023
• Save for retirement now, get a tax credit later (Saver’s Credit thresholds for 2025) — Internal Revenue Service; Nov. 25, 2024. https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/save-for-retirement-now-get-a-tax-credit-later-savers-credit-can-help-low-and-moderate-income-taxpayers-save-more-in-2025
• How Fees and Expenses Affect Your Investment Portfolio — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Investor.gov); July 23, 2025. https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/general-resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletins/updated
• Mutual Fund and ETF Fees and Expenses — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Investor.gov); July 23, 2025. https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/general-resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletins/mutual-fund-and-etf-fees-and-expenses-investor-bulletin
• Understanding Retirement Plan Fees and Expenses — U.S. Department of Labor (EBSA) publication; 2024. https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ebsa/about-ebsa/our-activities/resource-center/publications/retirement-plan-fees-expenses.pdf
• A Look at 401(k) Plan Fees — U.S. Department of Labor (EBSA) booklet; 2024. https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ebsa/about-ebsa/our-activities/resource-center/publications/401k-plan-fees.pdf